28^th International Conference on Cancer Research and Anticancer Therapies September 17-18, 2018 San Diego, California, USA

Biography:

Sandy Saintelia is  resident physician at UPMC Pinnacle, she completed her medical eduction at University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Kitts and went on to pursue her master’s in healthcare administration. She was on the Dean’s list and attained the prestigious UMHS Dean’s Scholarship. Apart from being top of her class during residency she has volunteered at YMCA,  worked on the antibiotic committee member. Her interest in the field of oncology is striking as seen by her work with the American Cancer Society. She continues to add to her many accomplishments of oral presentation and peer-reviewed journals as she applies for hematology and oncology fellowship

Abstract:

A 71-year-old female status post bilateral partial mastectomy (30years) initially presented to the hospital with abdominal pain, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Investigations revealed a hemoglobin of 6.6 mg/dl and without evidence of active bleeding. A computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis were negative for metastatic disease or new malignancies. She was managed with blood transfusion and oral iron supplements. After 4 months, she presented to the hospital with fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramping, and pain. The examination was unremarkable except for abdominal tenderness. The laboratory investigations revealed a hemoglobin of 11.6 g/dl, normal iron studies and a peripheral smear showing anisocytosis, target cells, tear drop cells and schistocytes. The CT of the abdomen and pelvis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen showed small and distal bowel obstruction. She was relieved of symptoms after surgery with the resected small bowel mass showing multifocal metastatic pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, consistent with her breast malignancies. She was advised positron emission tomography (PET) scan and aromatase inhibitors for ER + metastatic disease.

Biography:

Dr. B. Nageshwar rao has completed his PhD at the age of 31 years from Manipal University and working as professor in Microbiology at Mamata Medical College, Khamamm. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute

Abstract:

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation of cells beyond their natural boundaries. The tissue origin gives distinguishing characteristics of the cancer and categorized into carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemia. Treatments available depending on the cancer stage includes radiation surgery, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Chemotherapy involves wide range of drugs killing cancer cells by means of cytotoxic killing either by damaging DNA or by disrupting cell growth and leads to apoptosis process. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the cytotoxic and potential of doxorubicin (DOX) against a panel of human tumor cell lines grown in vitro. This study also aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic potential of doxorubicin against HCT and HepG2 cells.

            From the cytotoxic assay, it was found that, among the cell lines tested, DOX was found to be most effective against HCT cell lines. Treatment of HCT cells with DOX resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the cell survival. Further, DOX treatment caused a significant increase in the genotoxicity as evidenced by the concentration-dependent elevation in the micronucleated binucleate cells (MNBNC) as well as Olive Tail Moment (OTM) values. Further, the DOX-induced apoptotic and necrotic mode of cell death was demonstrated by microscopic analysis. To conclude, cytotoxic effect of DOX in HCT cells may be attributed to multiple mechanisms such as induction of oxidative stress, cell membrane damage and genotoxic effect, ultimately leading to cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis

Biography:

Awele Chukwuedo O. is a Public Health Specialist, Researcher and Community development expert. She obtained her higher education from Lagos state, Delta State University, and postgraduate (Msc/Mphil) studies from College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Awele works with Life touch Africa a non-governmental organization in Nigeria.

Abstract:

In Nigeria Cervical Cancer (CC) screening services are poorly utilised. Men are dominant decision makers on spouses’ utilisation of reproductive health services, but their support for CC screening have not been fully explored. This study aimed at assessing knowledge and attitudinal disposition of men to spouses’ CC screening in a sub-urban area in Nigeria. As a cross-sectional survey, a four-stage sampling procedure was used to select the study LGA, four wards, communities, and 304 men aged 20-69 years. Four focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted. Interviewer-administered questionnaire with, a 20-point knowledge, 16-point attitudinal, 10-point willingness scales, and men’s support enhancing factors was used for data collection. Knowledge scores ≥ 10,  attitudinal scores  >8, and willingness scores  ≥7 points were classified as good, positive, and willing respectively. Data were analysed using, Chi-square and Logistic regression tests, at 5% level of significance. Age of respondents was 35.9±9.7 years, 16.1% had tertiary education, and (79.6%) were ever married. Awareness of symptoms, and that screening prevents CC were 1.3%, 42.0% respectively, and 35.5% perceived CC as a curse to promiscuous women. Knowledge, attitudinal, and willingness scores were 5.97± 5.0, 9.5±4.4, and 7.5±2.3 respectively. Many (78.6%) had poor knowledge, (45.7%) negative attitude, and 69.1% willing to support spouse’s CC screening. Suggestions for enhancing support for C.C screening included awareness creation (86.9%). Men with tertiary education were more likely to have good knowledge of CC than those with primary education (OR:3.5, p≤0.05, C.I.=1.5-8.1). Men with good knowledge of CC screening were more likely to have positive attitudinal disposition to screening (OR=20.0, p≤0.05, C.I.7.0-56.2). Men with positive attitudinal disposition, were more likely willin to support screening (OR: 2.0, p≤0.05, C.I.=1.2-3.3). FGD’s reveal willingness of men to permit spouses would be based on their knowledge and affordability of screening. Hence, community-based health education is recommended.

Biography:

Dr Doaa A Saleh, MD, PhD; graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University in Egypt in1996. She completed her PhD in the year 2005 from Cairo University, Egypt. She also completed the Clinical Nutrition Diploma in 2008 from Cairo University. She is Professor of Public Health, Preventive and Community Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University since 2011. She is also the Director of Medical Records and Hospital Statistics Department at Cairo University Teaching Hospitals. She teaches epidemiology and public health and leads research in communicable and non-communicable diseases as well as health systems research. Her research interests include the epidemiological features and the prevention and control of cancer, obesity and infectious diseases. She was the principle investigator and Co-investigator of a number of nationally and internationally funded research projects. She has more than 30 publications in peer reviewed journals.

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nutrition counselling (NC) on the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer patients (grade 2) receiving chemotherapy.

A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study, where 50 patients were assigned to the NC group and 50 patients to the control group. NC group received four NC sessions over 6 weeks. QoL assessment was done at baseline, and then after two and three months using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). The EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0 is a 30-item core cancer-specific questionnaire measuring QoL in cancer patients and incorporates five functional scales; physical (PF), role (RF), cognitive (CF), emotional (EF) and social (SF), three symptom scales for fatigue, pain and nausea / vomiting, a global health QoL scale, and several single items for the perceived financial impact of disease and treatment and for the assessment of additional symptoms such as dyspnoea, appetite loss, sleep disturbance, constipation and diarrhea, which are commonly reported by cancer patients.

At baseline, no significant difference was found in the symptom scales and in 2 of the functional scales (EF and CF) between the NC and control group (p>0.05). However, three functional scales (PF, RF and SF) and the global health QoL scale were significantly higher among the control vs. NC group (p<0.05).

At 2 and 3 months after the intervention; PF, RF, CF and EF and all symptom scales (except constipation) showed significant progressive improvement among both NC and control groups (p<0.05). However, the percent change of these scales was significantly higher among the NC group when compared to the control (p<0.05). Unlike controls, NC group showed significant progressive improvement of global health QoL scale, as well as SF, constipation and dyspnea scales (p<0.05). Though insignificant, yet Financial difficulties’ scale showed slight improvement among both NC and control groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Nutritional counseling is necessary to improve QoL of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thus should be included in the routine health care provided to breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.